requestId:68499ab6cfb530.98000800.
Zhu Zi’s method of understanding and modern interpretation
Author: Wu Zhanliang (provided by the Department of History in Taiwan)
Source: Author Authorized by the Author Confucian Network Published
Original from the first album of “Chinese Philosophy and Civilization”, Guangxi Teacher Fan Daxue Bookstore, 2007
Time: Confucius was the 6th day of the Mid-Spring Day in the 2569th year of Wuxu
Jesus March 22, 2018
【Keywords】Acquaintance, understanding, understanding methods, Zhu Xi, doing things, sages, fusion of mind and things, one principle of heaven and man, understanding virtue, studying things, achieving knowledge, reasoning, heaven and law, modern interpretation.
【Abstract】Modern scholars have had some inconsistent understanding of Zhu Zi’s understanding. The most important reason is to neglect or forget one of the most basic characteristics of Zhu Zi’s understanding: Zhu Zi’s basic mechanism for learning the way of dealing with people. From his adolescence, his ultimate goal of seeking knowledge and learning to meet this basic dynamic was to “effectively comply with the law saints” to conform to the way of heaven. For Zhu Xi, only a saint who has sufficiently realized the laws of nature represents the ultimate way of dealing with people. This basic machine and goal determines the most basic method of his learning. We must develop from this basic point in order to truly understand Zhu Xi’s diverse understanding of the various methods of knowledge and learning and reappearance. This foundational development point is very different from mainstream Oriental thinkers and learners. However, modern scholars such as Rong Youlan, Mou Zongsan and others often analyze Zhu Zi from the perspective of Eastern knowledge theory and world view, and his statements are difficult to improve with Zhu Zi’s thinking.
Zhu Zi’s learning is based on learning to be a human being and to love sages and heaven. At the same time, he trusts that the principles of being a human being come from the human heart, and his method of seeking knowledge is based on the learning of the mind and nature. Although the scope of the objects he has identified can be expanded to a wide range, its source is the nature given to people by heaven and the principles that perceived by this mind. The characteristic of this knowledge is to perceive the nature of things to people with the mind, and to understand how people “treat” things according to their own ways. It first uses the mind to illuminate things and generates a kind of “knowledge of the fusion of mind and matter” for things, and at the same time, based on the length and shortness of the mind perceived in the mind, we will understand the principle of what is the nature of things. From this source, coupled with the work of learning, reviewing, thinking carefully, discerning, and practicing, the knowledge system formed can be extremely complicated, but its nature is different from that of us.The familiar modern intellectual system still has the most basic differences. From the perspective of modern cognitive theory, this kind of knowledge belongs to a kind of knowledge that integrates mind, object, subject, object, nature and humanity (heaven and man). It focuses on neither purely object-oriented knowledge nor purely observant thinking or idealistic “moral subject” knowledge, but it belongs to a relatively unfamiliar knowledge system of modern people.
【Note】
1. Comments
In the academic world, there are many modern research on Zhu Zi’s thinking methods, thinking methods, understanding, knowledge, method of studying and reading. [1] However, the topic research has not yet been discussed with “knowledge”, “knowledge method”, or “knowledge method”. [2] Research on the topic of cognitive theory, knowledge theory or methodology is roughly deeply influenced by Oriental philosophy. Research on the topic of “studying, learning, and reading” is deeply influenced by traditional science. It is purely analyzing Zhu Zi’s thinking methods from the perspective of modern understanding and methodology, so it is not difficult to have any problems in business. It purely discusses the traditional study of learning and reading from the perspective of learning and reading, but it is not very suitable for the intellectual needs of modern people. As for the discussion of the topic of thinking or thinking, it represents a new perspective that is not limited by traditional cognitive and philosophical topics, and its exploration space is larger. However, Zhu Xi’s pursuit of knowledge and learning has a variety of contents, including observation, personal experience, reading, practice, emotion, clarity, rejuvenation, calmness, consideration, analysis, and experience. Starting with the words “thinking” or “thinking” cannot actually express the diverse and rich connotation of Zhu Zi’s methods of seeking knowledge. This article selects the two words “Awareness” and “Awareness Method” to cover the wider facets. “Awareness” means Zhu Zi’s understanding of the way of thinking and goals, the source, nature and organization of knowledge, as well as the path and time of understanding. “Awareness method” specifically refers to the methods used by Zhu Xi in the process of gaining knowledge or the mental characteristics presented. [3] The former is macro-viewing, the latter is micro-viewing, and there is an incompetent relationship between the two. All the above-mentioned questions belong to the scope of understanding or recognition methods, so this article can also explore the methods and ways Zhu Xi used in seeking knowledge and learning from a traditional and modern perspective.
Modern scholars have different perspectives in exploring the above-mentioned issues, and have also found them in many aspects. However, the result is often that there are many differences and different opinions, which makes it difficult to communicate and communicate. Seeing her acting skillfully, Song Wei felt a little relieved when she handed the cat to her. In general, the methods of learning thinking and understanding that students have discovered are varied. At first glance, Ye Qiuguan, who was invited by friends to participate in the knowledge competition program, seems to be able to see Zhu Zi during the recording process, and important academic and practice methods from both China and abroad. This seems to reflect on the modern ChineseThe disagreement between academic research and opinions also shows that the problem that predecessors cannot be encountered by European academic viewpoints is solved in many ways. Since the research results are so inconsistent, Zhu Zi’s own academic temperament clearly shows that it is very common, which makes us doubt whether the academic community can still be less able to grasp the “basic nature” of Zhu Zi’s understanding and understanding methods. The methods used by Zhu Xi himself in the learning process of seeking knowledge and the methods presented in his understanding are of course single, but whether there are some basic characteristics in this article has become the topic to be explored.
The reason why Zhu Xi’s learning method, when discussing it, is that it is so complicated and disagreeable, is that modern scholars often neglect or forget one of the most basic characteristics that Zhu Xi knew, is that Zhu Xi’s basic mechanism of learning the way of dealing with people. [4] From his adolescence, in order to meet this basic motor, the ultimate goal of learning was to “imitate the sages.” [5] For Zhu Xi and many of his predecessors, only saints represent the ultimate way of dealing with people, and do their best to achieve the highest power of humanity that God receives, and thus to be in line with humanity and the way of heaven. [6] This basic machine and goal is the most basic method of Zhu Xixi to learn. We must also develop from this basic point in order to truly understand the complex manifestations of Zhu Xi’s understanding of the diverse and complex methods of learning.
This foundational development point is very different from mainstream Eastern thinkers and learners. Greek scholars, from Thales, have worked harder to the problem of the essence of the universe, that is, the problem of object-based understanding of the inner world. Although Sucrates and Plague transformed into “Know thyself” as an important goal of philosophy, their origin is to thoroughly examine what they know, and their ultimate goal is to recognize the absolute rationality (Idea) or Truth (Truth) through sensibility. Aristotle added empirical content and logic to seek truth, but its basic goals remain unchanged. Greek philosophers thus determined the basic direction of Eastern academics. Middle Ages uses worship rather than learning to be a human being, and their learning methods are mostly based on Aristotle. Modern philosophy and science follow the tradition of Greece, and have been developed in cognitive theory through the development of Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Kant and others. However, this center is still concerned about how to understand the guest experience and whether the guest experience can exist.
This kind of intellectual theory is closely linked to metaphysical and cosmic issues, and thus forms the most focused topic of Oriental philosophy and ac
發佈留言